The effect of various diets on the human gut microbiota composition
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/25419218-2021-07-01
Issue:
7
Year:
2021
Intestinal microorganisms make up a dynamic ecosystem that has a significant impact on human health, by modulating the risk of certain chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The gut microbiota is characterized by an interindividual variability due to genetic and environmental factors; its composition is unique in each individual and tends to remain fairly stable throughout the life. Individual nutrition features play a key role in the modulation of the gut microbiota composition. There are significant differences in the composition of the gut microbiota between the individuals who consume mainly the so-called Western diet high in fat and those who prefer a carbohydrate diet rich in dietary fibers. There are data on the relationship between nutrition and the gut microbiota, on the impact of short-term and long-term changes in the diet on the composition of the gut microbiota, as well as on certain types of diets. The metabolic effects of diet-induced changes in the composition of the gut microbiota are analyzed. It has been shown that a high fiber diet has a beneficial effect on the composition of the gut microbiota, stimulating bacterial diversity and contributing to positive changes in body functions. On the contrary, a diet high in fat and refined carbohydrates causes dysbiosis and stimulates the increase of inflammatory microflora, leading to chronic endotoxemia and systemic inflammation.
Keywords:
gut microbiota
diet
food components
lipopolysaccharides
inflammation
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